Computer technology is increasingly evolving towards vgmc imitation biological process, first of all - the brain works, and this immediately leads to a fantastic yet theories vgmc of artificial intelligence. I'm smart ...
And the common man ... so weak ... slow ... - these words in Asimov says rebellious robot. There is a legend about the imperfection of the human brain compared vgmc with the computer. The situation is, in fact, the reverse - it is now trying to build computers in imitation of the brain, and the confirmation of this - a message different teams of researchers have made in recent weeks. 1014 - the so-called report on the progress of the project COMPASS at IBM. 10 to 14 degrees - this is a rough estimate of the number of connections between cells in the human brain, and that this order has been made in recent computer simulations of the project. Neurons and synapses (intercellular vgmc connections of neurons) - terms of brain physiology dictionary - firmly established in the field of computer vgmc engineering. The architecture of our usual computers, vgmc founded in the middle of the last century and is called vgmc von Neumann in honor of the mathematician John von Neumann, vgmc assumes a linear approach, stepping commands. And it seems that this approach is close to the limit of their capabilities, so computer engineers are increasingly trying to create a new, no-von Neumann computer architecture, in which processes are not organized in series and in parallel - as in our brain. Here is how the benefits of these processes, one of the authors of the report vgmc IBM Dharmendra EHPM functionality, low power consumption, compact size, the human brain has the lead in awe power - the ability to perceive, comprehend, learn, act and interact, and thus consumes less energy than a light bulb , and takes up less space than a two-liter bottle of soda. Here's a video from IBM Era cognitive systems, where you can see how the chip TrueNorth playing trivial computer game Pong - just like people. In this new computer architecture shared basis (neurons are responsible for them), memory (synapses), information vgmc exchange (axons and dendrites) - similar to the structure of the brain. As well as the actual, computer neurons receive information from thousands of neighboring neurons vgmc treated with it and transmit signals, and computer vgmc neurons and synapses linked information is accumulated. In another study, the last time in this area, researchers from Germany, members of the European project BrainScales, created Spikey c chip analog components, literally reproducing the work of neurons and synapses, simulates their electrical behavior. In NewScientist one of the authors of Karlheinz Meyer explains vgmc just like a real neuron in the brain sends a signal when the voltage at its membrane reaches a predetermined level, and a chip capacitor, which plays the role of a neuron becomes carried out at a certain voltage. Analog components, which act as synapses, vgmc with different levels of resistance - in exactly the same connections between neurons become stronger or weaker depending on their frequency of use. This direction of development of computer technology is not the only thing there is, for example, the idea of a quantum computer, which, by the way, related to the work of recent vgmc Nobel Prize in Physics. However, it is research in the field of computer simulation of the brain attract special attention non-specific press its proximity to the speculative vgmc ideas of artificial vgmc intelligence. Although IBM researchers emphasized that their project was not about the simulation of brain activity in a biological vgmc sense, vgmc in the comments on their work enthusiasts said that this is an important step towards creating a true artificial brain: by all accounts, we need many, many more years to restore the present behavior of the human brain, the most complex object in the known universe, but at least it seems there has been progress. Skeptics remind: the human brain studied so weak that it is not yet clear how, in fact, to build his likeness. For a discussion of this particular mountain stands the old debate about whether you can do on a computer, algorithmic way to get out. Determinism versus free will. One approach illustrates Laplace's demon - the thought experiment of the French mathematician XVIII-XIX centuries, according to which, if a powerful mind will know the status of all bodies in the universe (from the biggest to the smallest bodies of atoms) and all the forces vgmc acting on them, he'll understand single formula and all will see the future as clearly as the past. On the other hand, our contemporary, physicist Roger Penrose suggests quantum model of the brain, in which the processes of thinking vgmc is fundamentally non-computable. Penrose thus destroys the construction of a new determinism, which seems to suggest the creation of artificial intelligence mechanistic means - collecting brain neuron by neuron. However, even in those who believes it is possible to simulate human consciousness methods vgmc of cybernetics, the vision of this process is more complicated. For example, Michael Burtceva lecture in which shtuch